AFFILIATION : Czech Centre for Science and Society - Republic of Czech THEME : Visualization of Big Data in Agriculture SUMMARY The agriculture sector is of strategic importance for European society and economy. Due to its complexity, agrifood operators have to manage many different and heterogeneous sources of information. Agriculture requires collection, storage, sharing and analysis of large quantities of spatially and non-spatially referenced data. These data flows currently present a hurdle to uptake of precision agriculture as the multitude of data models, formats, interfaces and reference systems in use result in incompatibilities. In order to plan and make economically and environmentally sound decisions a combination and management of information is needed. Big data is moving into agriculture in a big way. Number of new technologies is influencing now farming: Sensors on fields and crops are starting to provide data points on soil conditions, as well as detailed info on wind, fertilizer requirements, water availability and pest infestations, GPS units on tractors, can help determine optimal usage of agriculture machinery, Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, can patrol fields and alert farmers to crop ripeness or potential problems, RFID-based traceability systems can provide a constant data stream on farm products as they move through the supply chain, from the farm to the compost or recycle bin. Individual plants can be monitored for nutrients and growth rates. Big data technology (BDT) is a new technological paradigm that is driving the entire economy, including low-tech industries such as agriculture where it is implemented under the banner of precision farming (PF). But there is necessary to mentioned, that farmers primary focused not on (big) data, but on knowledge generated from this data. For every discussion about knowledge or information management it is important to better understand basic terms such as data, information and knowledge. For better explanation we will use Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy Ackoff including Data: as symbols; Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions; Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions and Wisdom: evaluated understanding. One from the methods, how to transform Big Data into Wisdom is their advanced visualisation. The focus is on visualisation customer data related to agriculture and rural development. For agriculture is important to visualise raw and processed data: • Raw data for picking the right dataset for further data processing. • Processed (transformed / harmonized / analysed / …) data for exploration the results and decision support. There are different types of data requiring different approach to visualize it. We can mainly distinguish among: • non-structured data • data structured in: o general graph (linked data, RDF) o tree (hierarchical data, such as XML or JSON based datasets) o tables and relationships (entity-relationship-attribute model, database) In fact, all the data structures can be represented as a graph, but the different types of structure influence a typical way of storage of the data (see examples in parentheses). machinery paths on field; and a real challenge ~ enabling the estimation of yield from satellite imagery as a web service. BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Karel CHARVÁT is Doctor in theoretical cybernetics of the Mathematical Physical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Currently, Dr Karel Charvat is vice chairman of Club of Ossiach, member of CSITA, Former President of European Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture Food and Environment (EFITA), evaluator of EC projects. His key qualifications are SDI design, strategic studies and management of projects in ICT and SDI ; his area of expertise are GIS, Precision farming, ICT for Agriculture, Remote Sensing, Big Data, Open Data. Karel works today in LESPROJEKT-SLUŽBY Ltd. This small innovative firm has vast experience in applying research results in practice. LESPROJEKT-SLUŽBY Ltd plays a crucial role in the market for more than 20 years and focuses mainly on commercial activities in, forestry, agriculture, rural development, and transport.